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Why Does My Stomach Hurt? 17 Possible Causes of Stomach Pain

Skip to main content Home Conditions Back Conditions View All ADD/ADHDAllergiesArthritisAtrial fibrillationBreast CancerCancerCrohn's DiseaseDepressionDiabetesDVTEczemaEye HealthHeart DiseaseHIV & AIDSLung DiseaseLupusMental HealthMultiple SclerosisMigrainePain ManagementPsoriasisPsoriatic ArthritisRheumatoid ArthritisSexual ConditionsSkin ProblemsSleep DisordersUlcerative Colitis View All Drugs & Supplements Back Drugs & SupplementsDrugsSupplementsPill IdentifierInteraction CheckerWell-Being Back Well-Being View All Aging WellBabyBirth ControlChildren's HealthDiet & Weight ManagementFitness & ExerciseFood & RecipesHealthy BeautyMen's HealthParentingPet HealthPregnancySex & RelationshipsTeen HealthWomen's Health View All Symptom CheckerFind a DoctorMore Back MoreNewsBlogsPodcastsWebinarsNewslettersWebMD MagazineBest HospitalsSupport GroupsOrthopedics Privacy & More Subscribe Log In Search Subscribe Pain ManagementPain Management GuideTypes of PainSymptoms & CausesTests & DiagnosisTreatmentLiving WithSupport & ResourcesEn Espa?ol View Full Guide Abdominal Pain: What You Should KnowMedically Reviewed by Poonam Sachdev on May 10, 2023 Written by WebMD Editorial ContributorsWhat Is Abdominal Pain?Types of Abdominal PainAbdominal Pain CausesRecurrent Abdominal PainWhen to Call the Doctor About Abdominal PainAbdominal Pain DiagnosisAbdominal Pain Treatment and Home Remedies5 min read What Is Abdominal Pain?Abdominal pain is discomfort or other uncomfortable sensations that you feel in your belly area. Just about everybody at one time or another will get a bellyache.Most causes of abdominal pain aren't reasons to worry, and your doctor can easily diagnose and treat the problem. Sometimes, though, it can be a sign of a serious illness that needs medical attention.

Photo credit: Wacharaphorn Phetpradub / EyeEm / Getty Images

Types of Abdominal PainThere are several types of abdominal pain, based on how quickly your pain starts and how long it lasts:?Acute pain?starts over a few hours or days and may come with other symptoms.Chronic pain lasts longer – from weeks to months or more – and may come and go.Progressive pain?gets worse over time and often comes with other symptoms.Abdominal Pain Causes

The abdomen contains digestive organs including the stomach, intestines, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. Problems affecting these organs and others can cause abdominal pain. Image: WebMD

Whether you've got a mild ache or serious cramps, abdominal pain can have many causes. For instance, you might have indigestion, constipation, a stomach virus, or menstrual cramps.Other causes include:Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)Inflammatory bowel disease?(IBD)Food allergiesAppendicitisKidney stonesA urinary tract infectionDiverticulitisAbdominal aortic aneurysm (swelling in the belly’s main artery)Bowel blockage or obstructionCancer of the stomach, pancreas, liver, bile duct, gallbladder, or immune cellsOvarian cancer or cysts?Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)Cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder)Low blood flow to your intestines caused by a blocked blood vesselEctopic pregnancy (when a fertilized eggs grows outside the uterus, for example, in a fallopian tube)? ?Recurrent Abdominal PainIf you have at least three stomachaches over 3 months, and they’re severe enough to keep you from doing everyday activities, you have what doctors call “recurrent abdominal pain.”Recurrent abdominal pain symptomsRecurrent abdominal pain feels different from person to person. The pain may start and stop without warning, or it could be ongoing. Some people describe it as a dull ache in their belly. Others have sharp cramps. Besides pain, there may be symptoms like diarrhea or throwing up.When to Call the Doctor About Abdominal PainIf your abdominal pain is serious, doesn't go away, or keeps coming back, talk to your doctor. Call 911 right away if your belly hurts because you had a recent injury there or if you have chest pain. You should also contact your doctor as soon as you can if you have symptoms along with the pain, such as:Can't keep food down for more than 2 daysSigns you're getting dehydrated, including not urinating frequently, dark-colored urine, and being very thirstyCan't have a bowel movement, especially if you're also vomitingPain when you urinate or you need to urinate often Also call your doctor if:Your belly is tender to the touchPain lasts more than a few hoursYou may have other symptoms that could be a sign of a problem inside your body that needs treatment as soon as possible. Get medical care right away if you have abdominal pain and you also:Vomit bloodNotice bloody or black, tarry bowel movementsHave trouble breathingVomit constantlyHave swelling in your bellyHave yellow skinAre pregnantHave unexplained weight lossAbdominal Pain DiagnosisSince there are so many possible causes, your doctor will do a thorough physical exam. They’ll also ask you some questions about your symptoms and want to know what type of pain you have. For instance, is it a severe stabbing pain or a dull ache?Some other questions your doctor may ask you:Does it hurt throughout your abdomen, or is it just in one particular area?When does it hurt? Always? More often in the morning or at night?If the pain comes and goes, how long does it last each time?Does it hurt after you eat certain foods or drink alcohol?Are you in pain during menstruation?How long have you been hurting?Does the pain sometimes move into your lower back, shoulder, groin, or buttocks?Do you take any medications or herbal supplements?Are you pregnant?Does any activity ease the pain, such as eating or lying on one side?Does an activity or position make the pain worse?Were you injured recently?After your exam is over and your doctor is done asking you questions, you may need tests to help find the cause of your pain. These tests may include:Stool or urine testsBlood testsBarium swallows or enemasColonoscopy or sigmoidoscopyCT scanUltrasoundUpper endoscopyX-raysAbdominal Pain Treatment and Home RemediesThe treatment for abdominal pain depends on its cause and may include:Medications to lower inflammation, prevent acid reflux, or treat ulcers or infectionSurgery to treat a problem with an organOver-the-counter pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate your stomach and worsen your pain. Don’t take them unless a doctor has diagnosed the cause of your belly pain and recommends their use.Some diet and lifestyle changes may help ease belly pain caused by gas and indigestion. Here are some things you can try:Eat smaller portions at more frequent meals.Eat slowly.Chew your food well.Drink beverages at room temperature.Avoid foods that give you gas or indigestion.Manage your stress.Limit alcohol and caffeine.Sit up straight after you eat.Get regular physical activity and take a short walk after you eat. Sources Update History ShareSOURCES:National Institutes of Health.FamilyDoctor.org: "Dehydration."American College of Gastroenterology: “Abdominal Pain Syndrome.”Mayo Clinic: “Abdominal Pain,” “Intestinal Ischemia,” “Indigestion,” "Dehydration."Cleveland Clinic: “Abdominal Pain: Care and Treatment.”Brigham and Women’s Hospital: “Gas: Beat The Bloat.”MedlinePlus: "Abdominal Pain."How we keep our content up to date:Our medical and editorial staff closely follow the health news cycle, new research, drug approvals, clinical practice guidelines and other developments to ensure our content receives appropriate and timely updates. May 10, 2023Medically Reviewed by: Poonam Sachdev, MD View privacy policy, copyright and trust info Share View privacy policy, copyright and trust info Next Joint PainMore on Pain ManagementAlternative Therapy For Pain ManagementPain Management Treatment OverviewBest Exercises for a Pinched Nerve in Your Neck Recommended FEATURED Top doctors in , Find more top doctors on Search Related LinksAbdominal PainArthritisBack PainCarpal Tunnel SyndromeFibromyalgiaHip PainKnee PainFoot PainLupusMigraineNerve PainOsteoarthritisRheumatoid ArthritisPain Topics NewsPain Topics ReferencePain Topics SlideshowsPain Topics QuizzesPain Topics BlogPain Topics VideosFind a NeurologistFind an OrthopedistMedicationsPill IdentifierCheck for Drug InteractionsDrug Comparison ToolPoliciesPrivacy PolicyCookie PolicyEditorial PolicyAdvertising PolicyCorrection PolicyTerms of UseAboutContact UsAbout WebMDCareersNewsletterCorporateWebMD Health ServicesSite MapAccessibilityOur AppsWebMD MobileWebMD AppPregnancyBabyAllergyFor AdvertisersAdvertise with UsAdvertising Policy ? 2005 - 2024 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. 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How Do I Know if My Stomach Pain Is Serious?

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Abdominal Pain: Causes, Types & Treatment

ominal Pain: Causes, Types & Treatment800.223.2273100 Years of Cleveland ClinicMyChartNeed Help?GivingCareersSearchClevelandClinic.orgFind A DoctorLocations & DirectionsPatients & VisitorsHealth LibraryInstitutes & DepartmentsAppointmentsHome/Health Library/Symptoms/Abdominal PainAdvertisementAdvertisementAdvertisementAbdominal PainAbdominal pain has many causes, some more serious than others. What feels like a stomachache may be coming from another organ in your abdomen, or from outside of your digestive system. Always seek medical care if your abdominal pain is unexplained, persistent or severe.ContentsArrow DownOverviewPossible CausesCare and TreatmentWhen to Call the DoctorContentsArrow DownOverviewPossible CausesCare and TreatmentWhen to Call the DoctorOverviewWhat is abdominal pain?Abdominal pain is discomfort anywhere in your belly region — between your ribs and your pelvis. We often think of abdominal pain as “stomach pain” or a “stomachache,” but pain in your abdomen could be coming from other organs besides your stomach, too.Your abdomen is home to your:Stomach.Liver.Gallbladder.Pancreas.Small intestine.Large intestine.These are all organs in your digestive system. But pain can also be in your abdominal wall, the skin and muscles that make up the outer shell of your abdomen. And sometimes, the pain that you feel in your belly may be coming from somewhere else, like your chest, pelvis or back.Abdominal pain can take many forms and can mean many things.It may feel:Mild or severe.Dull or sharp.Burning or achy.Crampy or colicky.Constant or intermittent.Localized (in one spot) or generalized (all over).Ultimately, abdominal pain is a subjective symptom that only you can describe. Since your healthcare provider can’t measure it, it's what you say it is. Your healthcare provider will always take your abdominal pain seriously.AdvertisementCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. PolicyHow common is stomach pain?Just about everybody will experience abdominal pain at some point. Most of the time, it’s not serious and resolves by itself. However, it can be a sign of serious illness or even an emergency. Abdominal pain causes 5% of emergency room visits.What are the four types of abdominal pain?Since your abdomen it is home to many organs, your healthcare provider may want to narrow down the kind of pain you’re having by narrowing down the region you’re feeling it in. Healthcare providers often divide the abdomen into quadrants, or four parts. They may ask if your pain is in the:Upper part / lower part. Upper abdominal pain is above your belly button. Lower abdominal pain is below it.Right side / left side. The midline of your abdomen runs from your sternum through your belly button.AdvertisementWhat does abdominal pain location tell you?Location is an important clue to your abdominal pain, though it’s not the only factor. It may indicate which organs are involved. For example, pain in the upper right quadrant may indicate a problem with your liver or gallbladder.However, your healthcare provider will also want to know more about what your pain feels like, how often you feel it, and how severe it is. This will give them additional clues about what kind of condition you may have.Possible CausesAbdominal pain in different regions may indicate different conditions.Why does my stomach hurt?There are numerous reasons for abdominal pain. It may be related to digestion, injury, infection or disease. It may come from an organ inside, or from the muscles or skin in your abdominal wall. Or it may have spread from somewhere else nearby.Your healthcare provider will ask you detailed questions about your pain to determine the cause. How bad it feels doesn’t necessarily indicate how serious it is. Some common, transient conditions can be intense, and some life-threatening conditions may feel mild.AdvertisementWhat are the most common causes of abdominal pain?Most causes of abdominal pain are temporary and not serious. They may have to do with digestion, menstruation or a temporary infection. For example:Digestive issuesAbdominal pain after eating may be due to:Indigestion.Gas and gas pain.Constipation.Diarrhea.Food allergies and intolerances.Food poisoning.InflammationIrritation or infection in your organs can cause temporary inflammation, such as:Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu).Peptic ulcer disease.Chronic acid reflux (GERD).Urinary tract infection (UTI).Female reproductive cycleIf you have a uterus, you might experience occasional pain from:Menstrual cramps.Ovulation pain.What are the more serious causes of abdominal pain?Sometimes abdominal pain indicates a serious medical condition that will require treatment. Pain in different regions may indicate different organs are involved. For example:Right upper quadrantYour upper right abdomen is home to your liver, gallbladder and bile ducts. Your right kidney is in the back. The first sections of your small and large intestines also pass through.Upper right abdominal pain is most likely related to liver disease or gallbladder disease, such as:Hepatitis (alcoholic, toxic, metabolic, viral or autoimmune).Gallstones.Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation).Bile duct cancer, stones and strictures.Gallbladder cancer.Liver cancer.It could also be a localized problem in your duodenum, ascending colon or right kidney, such as a:Kidney infection.Kidney stone.Duodenal ulcer.Large bowel obstruction.Left upper quadrantYour upper left abdomen is home to your stomach, pancreas and spleen. Your left kidney is in the back of your abdominal cavity, and your heart and left lung are right above it.Upper left abdominal pain could mean:Pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas).Pancreatic cancer.Splenomegaly (enlarged spleen).Gastritis.Stomach ulcer.Bile reflux.Stomach cancer.Kidney infection.Kidney stone.If the pain is referred from your chest, it could be from:Heartburn.Angina.Noncardiac chest pain.Heart attack.Pericarditis.Pneumonia.Pleurisy.Pulmonary embolism.Lower abdomenYour lower abdomen has most of your small intestine and large intestine. Lower abdominal pain is most likely to be related to gastrointestinal diseases. It could also be related to your ureters, ovaries or uterus.Abdominal causes include:Irritable bowel syndrome.Functional dyspepsia.Inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s, ulcerative colitis).Large or small bowel obstruction.Small intestine cancer.Colon cancer.Abdominal aortic aneurysm.Peritonitis.Mesenteric lymphadenitis.Intestinal (mesenteric) ischemic syndrome.Hernia.Kidney stones.Pain referred from the pelvic organs could be due to:Endometriosis.Ovarian cysts.Pelvic inflammatory disease.Ectopic pregnancy.Ovarian cancer.Uterine cancer.Left lower quadrantPain that is specifically in your lower left abdomen is most often related to diverticulosis and diverticulitis of the colon. Diverticula (small outpouchings in the bowel wall) can occur throughout your colon, but they usually develop in the lower left part.Right lower quadrantPain that is specifically in your lower right abdomen may be related to your appendix. It could be inflammation (appendicitis) or more rarely, appendix cancer.General painOther, general causes of stomach pain include:Stress (psychosomatic pain).Visceral hypersensitivity.Abdominal bloating.Traumatic injuries.Abdominal muscle strain.Shingles.Care and TreatmentHow is abdominal pain diagnosed?Your healthcare provider will ask you detailed questions about your abdominal pain. They’ll want to know:Where you feel it.What it feels like.How long you’ve had it.If it comes and goes.If it’s getting worse.If it stays in one place or moves.What makes it better or worse.What other symptoms you have.From your answers, your healthcare provider will try to determine if you need emergency treatment. Sometimes your healthcare provider will be able to tell right away that your abdominal pain is temporary and not serious. Sometimes they may suspect a more serious condition and may want to run some tests. And sometimes they won’t be able to solve the mystery on the first visit. Your pain may subside, or you may have to return for further investigation.How do you relieve abdominal pain?Abdominal pain has a wide variety of causes and treatments. Some conditions, such as gallstones or appendicitis, may require surgery. Others, such as ulcers or infections, may be relieved with medicine. And sometimes you may just have to get through a bout of stomach flu or a kidney stone until it passes.If you don’t know what’s causing your abdominal pain, it’s important to find out, especially if it doesn’t go away on its own. Remember that even mild cases can be serious. However, if you have a pretty good idea that your stomachache is related to digestion, you can begin by treating yourself with:Bowel rest. Stop eating, or only eat easy-to-digest foods like crackers or bananas.Hydration. Drink plenty of water or a hydration formula.Heat therapy. Try a warm water bottle or a soak in the bath.Home remedies. Try licorice for gas, ginger for indigestion, or peppermint to help relax your intestinal muscles.Care at Cleveland ClinicFind a Primary Care ProviderSchedule an AppointmentWhen to Call the DoctorWhen should I see my healthcare provider about my abdominal pain?Always see your doctor if your pain is unexplained, persistent or severe, or if you have been injured or are pregnant.Also, see your doctor if your abdominal pain is accompanied by any of these symptoms:Persistent fever.Persistent nausea or vomiting.Blood in your stools, urine or vomit.Swelling and tenderness to the touch.Jaundice (yellowing of the eyes and skin).Pain in any other part of your body.Shortness of breath or symptoms that get worse with exertion.A note from Cleveland ClinicSo many things can cause abdominal pain that it’s inevitable we’ll all experience it from time to time. Common causes, such as gas and indigestion, menstrual cramps, or even food poisoning and the flu may be instantly recognizable. Other causes may be more mysterious. And sometimes abdominal pain is a sign of an unsuspected or serious condition.Your healthcare provider will always be interested in your abdominal pain, especially if it’s unexplained. Common causes are often easy to treat, and having your condition diagnosed can help you find relief. Even if your stomach pain is mild, make sure you see your healthcare provider if it doesn’t go away, keeps coming back or gets worse.Medically ReviewedLast reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 04/18/2022.Learn more about our editorial process.ReferencesAdvertisementCleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. 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Why Does My Stomach Hurt Every Day? 23 Reasons

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Why Does My Stomach Hurt Every Day? 23 Possible Causes

Stomachaches can happen for many reasons, ranging from short-term illnesses to chronic diseases to dietary choices.

Amanda Gardner

Updated on October 29, 2023

Medically reviewed by

Robert Burakoff, MD

Medically reviewed by

Robert Burakoff, MD

Robert Burakoff, MD, MPH, is a board-certified gastroenterologist who serves as vice chair of Ambulatory Services at Lower Manhattan Hospital and professor of medicine at the Weill Cornell Medical College.

learn more

elenaleonova / Getty Images

Nearly everyone has had a stomachache at some point. If your stomach hurts every day, you may wonder: Is it normal to have stomach pain every day? Stomach pain may be due to factors like certain medications you're taking, gluten or lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or stress.

Stomach trouble can be short-lived, come and go, or show up only after you eat, all of which are clues to the cause.?Here's what you need to know about stomach pain, possible causes, and when to see a healthcare provider.

Types of Stomach Pain

There are different types of stomach pain you might experience. They include:

Colicky pain: Severe pain that starts and stops, coming in wavesCramping pain: Pain that may be related to gas or bloatingGeneralized pain: Belly pain that's felt in more than half of your bellyLocalized pain: Belly pain that's in one areaReferred pain: Pain that occurs away from its sourceSomatic pain: Localized, sharp pain caused by irritation from inflammatory processes like infectionsVisceral pain: Dull, nauseating, vague pain related to bloating and muscle contraction in the abdominal area

Sudden or Severe Stomach Pain

Exposure to some things, such as medication or environmental factors, can lead to stomach pain. Temporary conditions can cause stomachaches, as well.?

1. Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. Most people with appendicitis have sudden severe pain that warrants a visit to the emergency room. Appendicitis usually starts with pain on the right side of the abdomen, which slowly worsens.

"A telltale sign is pain when you bend your leg because it's pulling a muscle near your appendix as you make that motion,"?Patricia L. Raymond, MD, an assistant professor of clinical internal medicine at Eastern Virginia Medical School, told?Health.

Seek immediate medical attention if you suspect appendicitis. The appendix could burst, leading to long-term hospitalization and a potentially life-threatening infection known as peritonitis. A healthcare provider might want to remove your appendix, which is a surgical procedure.

2. Constipation

Constipation happens if a blockage or change in your diet causes your small or large intestines to be unable to move waste along. Constipation is a common symptom when people have problems passing stool and less than three weekly bowel movements.

Constipation can lead to abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and vomiting. A healthcare provider might advise changing your diet and activity if constipation does not go away. They may suggest further treatment if lifestyle changes do not help.

3. Food Poisoning

Food poisoning from viruses or bacteria can cause stomachaches, diarrhea, and vomiting. Rarely, food poisoning can be severe and cause a fever higher than 102 degrees Fahrenheit, dehydration, and blood in the stool. Generally, food poisoning is common, and there are several national outbreaks each year in the United States.

Symptoms can begin within a few minutes to a week or more after consuming spoiled food. The duration of symptoms depends on the type of bacteria or virus you consume. Symptoms often resolve on their own. Consult a healthcare provider if symptoms become severe or persist for several days.

4. Gastritis

Gastritis causes inflammation of the stomach lining, leading to nausea and vomiting. If untreated, gastritis may cause gastric ulcers and bleeding.?

There are several causes of gastritis, such as:

AlcoholAutoimmune diseasesHelicobacter pyloriNSAIDsSmoking

A healthcare provider can help identify the type of gastritis you have. Treatment, which often includes medication, depends on the kind of gastritis.

5. Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are crystalized mineral and salt deposits that form if your urine concentrates. Kidney stones cause pain when they move through the urinary system. Usually, the pain occurs in the lower back and can radiate to the lower abdomen or groin, Jacob Skeans, MD, a gastroenterologist at The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, told?Health.

Other kidney stones symptoms include:

Blood in the urineBurning while urinatingChillsFeverPainful urinationUrine that smells or appears cloudyVomiting

"Many [kidney stones] can pass spontaneously with hydration. Rarely, more invasive urologic procedures are needed to break up or remove stones," said Dr. Skeans. However, lifestyle changes and medication can also help prevent or avoid kidney stones.

Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi or Nephrolithiasis)

6. Medications

Medications are a common cause of stomach pain. Some medications can irritate the stomach or slow down how fast it empties, causing discomfort.?

Common medications that cause stomachaches include:

Antibiotics:?Specifically, antibiotics containing azithromycin can irritate the stomach. A healthcare provider may advise that you only take antibiotics after eating to avoid discomfort.

Narcotic and blood pressure medications:?These relax the stomach walls and allow food to sit and ferment in your stomach, which may cause nausea.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs):?Ibuprofen and aspirin may cause stomach lining swelling or lead to ulcers.

Oral bisphosphonates:?These help preserve bone density and prevent osteoporosis. Oral bisphosphonates may cause swelling and pain in the lower esophagus,?Vivek Kaul, MD, a professor of medicine in the gastroenterology and hepatology division at the University of Rochester Medical Center, told?Health.?

Consult a healthcare provider if certain medications are causing stomachaches. They may advise that you take medicines with food or switch to a different one that does not upset your stomach.

7. Parasites

Parasitic worms or microbes can occasionally cause stomach pain. Common parasites that cause stomachaches include?Giardia?and?Cryptosporidium. People ingest those parasites while swimming in contaminated pools or lakes or drinking contaminated water or beverages.

Parasites attach to the stomach lining or hang out in the small intestine or colon, causing symptoms like cramps, diarrhea, and nausea. Symptoms typically begin about two to 10 days (for?Cryptosporidium) or one to three weeks after exposure (for?Giardia).

Symptoms usually clear up with a lot of hydration and a little help from over-the-counter (OTC) anti-diarrheal medicine. A healthcare provider may prescribe medications if your symptoms persist.

8. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a bacterial infection of the fallopian tubes, uterus, or ovaries. PID may cause pain underneath the belly button, said Dr. Raymond.?

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as gonorrhea and chlamydia, can cause PID. You can help prevent PID by practicing safe sex and using condoms. Other, less likely but possible, causes of PID include intrauterine devices (IUDs), which can disrupt the cervix and cause bacteria to form.

PID can cause scarring of fallopian tubes and increase the risk of infertility. Consult a healthcare provider right away if you experience symptoms like fever, vomiting, or signs of fainting. A healthcare provider can treat PID by prescribing antibiotics. However, antibiotics cannot reverse any damage.

9. Stress

Stress can cause stomachaches, headaches, high blood pressure, and insomnia. Stress can cause or worsen digestive problems, pain, and health conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). To reduce stress, try some of the following tips:

Avoid addictive substances and behaviors (e.g., smoking and alcohol).Connect with others.Eat a healthy diet.Exercise regularly.Get enough sleep.Make time to unwind.

10. Sugarless Gum

Consuming too much sorbitol in some sugar-free products can cause pain and diarrhea. "Sorbitol goes into your GI tract. Since your body can't absorb it, it gets to the bacteria in your colon, which eat it and produce gas and fluids that contribute to diarrhea," explained Dr. Raymond.

According to a case study published in 2019, consuming more than 20 grams of sorbitol daily could lead to digestive issues. For example, chewing a pack of Trident gum with 16–18 sticks, at 1.25 grams of sorbitol per stick, would put you at or over that limit. Still, you can cut back on the amount of gum you chew to treat stomachaches due to sugar-free gum.

11. Ulcers

Peptic ulcers are sores in the stomach and duodenum, or the first part of the small intestine. NSAIDs and?Helicobacter pylori, a type of bacteria, can cause ulcers.

Peptic ulcers are a common cause of stomachaches. Peptic ulcers can cause burning pain in your mid-upper abdominal area, often striking after eating. Some peptic ulcers can be painful enough to wake you in the middle of the night.

A healthcare provider might prescribe antibiotics and acid-suppressing drugs to treat ulcers caused by bacteria. The acid-suppressing medication will help you feel better for the time it takes for the antibiotics to get rid of the bacteria.

Chronic Stomach Pain

Some chronic diseases, such as those affecting the digestive system or thyroid, may cause stomachaches.?

12. Cancer

Though rare, certain cancers, such as stomach and colorectal cancers, can cause stomachaches. Symptoms of stomach or colorectal cancers may include:

Blood in stoolDiarrheaRecurring stomach cramps or discomfortUnexplained weight loss

Talk with a healthcare provider about your symptoms if any of those symptoms persist for a long time. They can order tests that help rule out cancer.

13. Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis causes inflammation of the gallbladder. A gallstone can get caught in the cystic duct, blocking drainage and causing infection, explained Dr. Skeans. Cholecystitis can cause intense symptoms like right upper abdominal pain, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Often, cholecystitis requires surgery.

Many factors up the risk of gallstones and cholecystitis, including:

Birth control pillsCertain medicationsChronic liver diseaseObesityPregnancyRapid weight lossSevere illness

13. Diverticulitis

Diverticulitis is an inflammation of the diverticula, or pockets in the colon's lining. Symptoms can include lower abdominal cramps, which may respond to antibiotics. In severe cases, diverticulitis can cause abscesses, bleeding, and perforations. Those symptoms may cause severe pain or require surgery and hospitalization.

Consult a healthcare provider for a diagnosis and treatment plan. In mild cases, a high-fiber diet can help.

14. Endometriosis

Endometriosis occurs when tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus migrates outside the uterus, usually to the fallopian tubes and ovaries. Endometriosis causes severe pelvic pain, abnormal menstrual bleeding, and infertility.?

Endometriosis can be difficult to diagnose and requires laparoscopic surgery to confirm. Often, healthcare providers recommend medications, like NSAIDs, or birth control pills, to alleviate painful symptoms.

15. Gallstones

Gallstones form in the gallbladder, a tiny sac hanging out under the liver, expelling bile as needed to digest fats. Gallstones are hard, pebble-like materials that develop in your gallbladder, typically made of cholesterol or bilirubin.?

Gallstones can cause swelling and block the duct into the intestine, causing stomachaches. Typically, pain strikes the right side of the upper abdomen, particularly after eating high-fat foods. Those foods can trigger the gallbladder to contract. "If the gallbladder is inflamed, any contraction of that nature will be amplified and typically will cause pain to the patient," explained Dr. Kaul.

16. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause pain in the upper stomach and lower chest, known as heartburn. A weak valve separating the stomach from the esophagus typically causes GERD. A weak valve allows food and acid from the stomach to splash upward.

Overeating or consuming the wrong type of food (e.g., fatty or spicy foods) can worsen GERD. Instead, to treat GERD, a healthcare provider may advise treatments, like:

Losing weight if you have excess weight or obesityTaking medications, such as antacids, H2 blockers, and proton pump inhibitorsWatching what you eat

17. Gluten Intolerance

Some people react poorly to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Celiac disease, an autoimmune disease, is a severe form of gluten intolerance.

Gluten intolerance and celiac disease can cause gas, bloating, mild-to-severe pain, and fatigue. The small intestine's inability to absorb nutrients may lead to chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and malnutrition, too.?

See a healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment. Commonly, treatment includes dietary changes.

Signs and Symptoms of Celiac Disease

18. Hernia

A hernia happens when an internal organ or fatty tissue pokes through a muscle or connective tissue. There are many different types, all of which often cause stomachaches, explained Dr. Skeans.

For example, an external hernia usually feels like a constant dull, aching pain. In contrast, a hiatal hernia may cause heartburn, indigestion, regurgitation, and upper abdominal or chest pains.

Talk with a healthcare provider if you suspect you have a hernia. Usually, hernias require surgery to treat.

19. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes small or large intestine inflammation, leading to painful gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. IBD includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

IBD can cause scarring and blockage, which may cause stomachaches, diarrhea, and rectal bleeding. Symptoms are long-lasting but can flare up and subside in cycles.

People with IBD must monitor their condition closely, as it can lead to severe complications. Consult a healthcare provider about managing IBD and its symptoms, including stomachaches.

20. Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms often include stomachaches. IBS also causes changes in bowel movements, such as diarrhea and constipation.

A healthcare provider can diagnose IBS by examining your personal and family health history and ordering tests. They can help you manage IBS by suggesting lifestyle changes, such as dietary changes. Sometimes, relaxation techniques like medication.

21. Lactose Intolerance

About 65% of people worldwide cannot digest lactose properly. Lactose intolerance causes mild to severe abdominal pain.

Other lactose intolerance symptoms include:

BloatingDiarrheaGasIndigestion

Symptoms usually occur within 30 minutes to two hours of consuming lactose.

A healthcare provider can order a test if you are unsure if you have lactose intolerance. If so, they will likely advise skipping dairy products and being wary of packaged foods with hidden milk products. You might also try Lactaid milk or OTC remedies.

22. Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis is a severe condition that causes burning pain in the upper or middle abdomen. The pancreas is a large gland behind your stomach that releases digestive acids into your intestines. Pancreatitis happens if those digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas.

Some people even have shooting pain that drives right through to their back, said Dr. Kaul. Other symptoms include nausea and vomiting.

Too much alcohol can be a culprit, noted Dr. Kaul. Gallstones that block the duct that the pancreas sends its enzymes through can also cause pancreatitis.?

Pancreatitis can lead to hospitalization. A healthcare provider treats pancreatitis with intravenous (IV) fluids, antibiotics, and pain medications.

23. Thyroid Problems

The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland in the middle of the neck, can cause stomachaches. The thyroid is responsible for regulating bodily functions, including digestion.

For example, hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid) can speed up the digestive system, causing frequent bowel movements and stomachaches. In contrast, hypothyroidism (an underactive thyroid) slows down the digestive tract, leading to constipation and gas that causes stomach cramps. In either case, a healthcare provider can help find the cause of stomach pain or order testing if needed.

Other Causes

You might also experience stomach pain for other reasons, such as:

Bowel blockages or obstructions

Decreased intestinal blood supply

Ectopic pregnancy

Muscle strains

Ruptured ovarian cysts

Severe menstrual cramps

Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

When to Seek Immediate Medical Attention

You'll need to seek medical care as soon as possible if you have sudden, sharp stomach pain. Stomach pain is also serious if you have the pain and:

Are pregnant or could be pregnantAre undergoing cancer treatmentBloody vomit or stoolChest, neck, or shoulder painDifficulty breathingInability to pass stool but also vomitingNausea accompanied by pain in or between your shoulder bladesA recent abdominal injury

To find out more about your pain, a healthcare provider will ask you questions like:

What's the type of pain you have? How intense is it?Have you had similar pain before? How long did it last?What helps or worsens your pain?When does the pain occur (e.g., after eating, during your period)?Where your pain is located?

A Quick Review

Various health conditions can cause stomach pain, ranging from short-term illnesses to chronic diseases like IBS and certain cancers. Certain foods can cause stomachaches as well. Consult a healthcare provider for help and treatment options if you are unsure about the cause of your stomach pains.

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes stomach pain in the morning?

You might experience stomach pain in the morning because of conditions like IBS or IBD or if you've eaten a lot before bed.

How do I know if my stomach pain is serious?

Serious stomach pain is sudden and sharp. Additionally, if your stomach pain accompanies other symptoms such as vomiting or bloody stools, you'll need to seek medical attention as soon as possible.

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35 Sources

Health.com uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.

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How Are Stomach Ulcers Treated?

Why Are There Blood Clots in Your Stool?

What to Know and Do About Right Side Abdominal Pain

Why Am I Getting Heartburn All of a Sudden?

Why You May Be Nauseous After Eating and How to Stop It

What to Know About Stomach Cramps

What You Should Know About Your Stomach

Why Am I Burping So Much? What You Need To Know

Why You May Have Abdominal Pain—And How to Make It Go Away

Why Do You Have Diarrhea After Eating—And How Can You Prevent It?

How To Recognize the Symptoms of a Gallbladder Attack

What Can You Do To Relieve Gas?

This Is Why You Get Bloated After Eating, And How To Treat It

What Is Indigestion?

Signs and Symptoms of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Why Are You Pooping So Much?

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SymptomsAbdominal pain

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Definition

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CausesBy Mayo Clinic Staff

Abdominal pain can have many causes. The most common causes usually aren't serious, such as gas pains, indigestion or a pulled muscle. Other conditions may need urgent medical attention.

The location and pattern of abdominal pain can provide important clues, but how long it lasts is especially useful when figuring out its cause.

Acute abdominal pain develops and often goes away over a few hours to a few days. Chronic abdominal pain may come and go. This type of pain may be present for weeks to months, or even years. Some chronic conditions cause progressive pain, which steadily gets worse over time.AcuteConditions that cause acute abdominal pain usually happen at the same time as other symptoms that develop over hours to days. Causes can range from minor conditions that go away without any treatment to serious medical emergencies, including:Abdominal aortic aneurysm Appendicitis Cholangitis, which is inflammation of the bile duct.Cholecystitis Cystitis (irritation of the bladder)Diabetic ketoacidosis (in which the body has high levels of blood acids called ketones)Diverticulitis Duodenitis, which is inflammation of the top part of the small intestine.Ectopic pregnancy (in which the fertilized egg implants and grows outside of the uterus, such as in a fallopian tube)Fecal impaction, which is hardened stool that can't be passed.Heart attack InjuryIntestinal obstruction Intussusception (in children)Kidney infection (also called pyelonephritis)Kidney stones (Hard buildups of minerals and salt that form inside the kidneys.)Liver abscess, a pus-filled pocket in the liver.Mesenteric ischemia (decreased blood flow to the intestines)Mesenteric lymphadenitis (swollen lymph nodes in the folds of membrane that hold the abdominal organs in place)Mesenteric thrombosis, a blood clot in a vein carrying blood away from your intestines.Pancreatitis Pericarditis (inflammation of the tissue around the heart)Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal lining)Pleurisy (inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs)Pneumonia — an infection in one or both lungs.Pulmonary infarction, which is loss of blood flow to the lungs.Ruptured spleen Salpingitis, which is inflammation of the fallopian tubes.Sclerosing mesenteritis Shingles Spleen infectionSplenic abscess, which is a pus-filled pocket in the spleen.Torn colon.Urinary tract infection (UTI) Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) Chronic (intermittent, or episodic)The specific cause of chronic abdominal pain is often difficult to determine. Symptoms may range from mild to severe, coming and going but not necessarily getting worse over time. Conditions that may cause chronic abdominal pain include:Angina (reduced blood flow to the heart)Celiac disease Endometriosis Functional dyspepsia Gallstones Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Hiatal hernia Inguinal hernia (A condition in which tissue bulges through a weak spot in the muscles of the abdomen and can descend into the scrotum.)Irritable bowel syndrome Mittelschmerz (ovulation pain)Ovarian cysts Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) Peptic ulcer Sickle cell anemia Strained or pulled abdominal muscle.Ulcerative colitis (a type of inflammatory bowel disease)ProgressiveAbdominal pain that steadily worsens over time is usually serious. This pain often leads to the development of other symptoms. Causes of progressive abdominal pain include:Cancer Crohn's disease Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) Gallbladder cancer HepatitisKidney cancer Lead poisoning Liver cancer Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Pancreatic cancer Stomach cancer Tubo-ovarian abscess, which is a pus-filled pocket involving a fallopian tube and an ovary.Uremia (buildup of waste products in your blood)

Causes shown here are commonly associated with this symptom. Work with your doctor or other health care professional for an accurate diagnosis.

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July 15, 2023

Show references

Penner RM, et al. Evaluation of the adult with abdominal pain. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/search. Accessed June 3, 2021.

Abdominal pain syndrome. American College of Gastroenterology. https://gi.org/topics/abdominal-pain/. Accessed June 2, 2021.

Cameron P, et al., eds. Approach to abdominal pain. In: Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Accessed June 3, 2021.

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Abdominal (Stomach) Pain: Causes and When to See a Doctor

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A Quiz for TeensAre You a Workaholic?How Well Do You Sleep?Tools & ResourcesHealth NewsFind a DietFind Healthy SnacksDrugs A-ZHealth A-ZConnectFind Your Bezzy CommunityBreast CancerInflammatory Bowel DiseasePsoriatic ArthritisMigraineMultiple SclerosisPsoriasisFollow us on social mediaHealthlineHealth ConditionsDiscoverPlanConnectSubscribeSexual HealthBirth controlSTIsHIVHSVActivityRelationshipsWhat’s Causing Your Abdominal Pain and How to Treat ItMedically reviewed by Chris Young, DNP, RN, NE-BC, NPD — By April Kahn — Updated on December 6, 2021DefinitionCausesWhen to see a doctorDiagnosisTreatmentPreventionTakeawayStomach pain can be caused by a wide variety of issues, from gas to more serious conditions like appendicitis or Crohn’s disease. Noting the severity and area of the abdomen affected can help with a diagnosis.Abdominal pain is pain that occurs between the chest and pelvic regions. Abdominal pain can be crampy, achy, dull, intermittent, or sharp. It’s also called a stomachache.Localized pain is limited to one area of the abdomen. This type of pain is often caused by problems in a particular organ. The most common cause of localized pain is stomach ulcers (open sores on the stomach’s inner lining).Cramp-like pain may be associated with diarrhea, constipation, bloating, or flatulence. In people assigned female at birth, it can be associated with menstruation, miscarriage, or reproductive complications. This pain comes and goes, and may go away on its own without treatment.Viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections that affect the stomach and intestines may also cause significant abdominal pain.Types of abdominal painNot all abdominal pain is the same. For example, if you’re experiencing acute abdominal pain, you’ve most likely only been dealing with the discomfort for about a week, maybe less.Chronic abdominal pain, on the other hand, is pain that’s constant or recurring. It lasts for a period of 3 months or longer. Since there are a number of gastrointestinal and systemic disorders that lead to abdominal pain, doctors and healthcare professionals sometimes have a hard time understanding the root cause of the pain.Progressive abdominal pain is pain that gets worse over time. Typically other symptoms occur as the abdominal pain progresses. Progressive abdominal pain is often a sign of something more serious. Read on to learn more about the different types of abdominal pain, including what and where the pain occurs and potential causes.What is abdominal pain?Abdominal pain may be felt anywhere between the chest and groin region of your body. The pain may be generalized, localized, or it may feel like cramps in your belly. If you have cramping or discomfort in your stomach, it may be due to gas, bloating, or constipation. Or it might be a sign of a more serious medical condition.Colicky pain in the abdomen region comes and goes. One moment, you may feel fine, but the next, you may experience sharp, sudden pain in your abdomen. Kidney stones and gallstones are often the cause of this type of pain. What causes abdominal pain?Many conditions can cause abdominal pain. But the main causes are: infectionabnormal growthsinflammationobstruction (blockage)intestinal disordersinflammationdiseases that affect the organs in the abdomen Infections in the throat, intestines, and blood can cause bacteria to enter your digestive tract, resulting in abdominal pain. These infections may also cause changes in digestion, like diarrhea or constipation.Cramps associated with menstruation are also a potential source of lower abdominal pain, but these are more commonly known to cause pelvic pain.Other common causes of abdominal pain include:constipationdiarrheagastroenteritis (stomach flu)acid reflux (when stomach contents leak backward into the esophagus, causing heartburn and other symptoms)vomitingstressDiseases that affect the digestive system can also cause chronic abdominal pain. The most common are:gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)irritable bowel syndrome or spastic colon (a disorder that causes abdominal pain, cramping, and changes in bowel movements)Crohn’s disease (an inflammatory bowel disease)lactose intolerance (the inability to digest lactose, the sugar found in milk and milk products)Causes of severe abdominal pain include:organ rupture or near-rupture (like a burst appendix, or appendicitis)gallbladder stones (known as gallstones)kidney stoneskidney infectionThe location of the pain within the abdomen may be a clue as to its cause.Pain that’s generalized throughout the abdomen (not in one specific area) may indicate:appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix)Crohn’s diseasetraumatic injuryirritable bowel syndromeurinary tract infectionthe fluPain that’s focused in the lower abdomen may indicate:appendicitisintestinal obstructionectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy that occurs outside the womb)In people assigned female at birth, pain in the reproductive organs of the lower abdomen can be caused by:severe menstrual pain (called dysmenorrhea)ovarian cystsmiscarriagefibroidsendometriosispelvic inflammatory diseaseectopic pregnancyUpper abdominal pain may be caused by:gallstonesheart attackhepatitis (liver inflammation)pneumoniaPain in the center of the abdomen might be from:appendicitisgastroenteritisinjuryuremia (buildup of waste products in your blood)Lower left abdominal pain may be caused by:Crohn’s diseasecancerkidney infectionovarian cystsappendicitisUpper left abdominal pain is sometimes caused by:enlarged spleenfecal impaction (hardened stool that can’t be eliminated)injurykidney infectionheart attackcancerCauses of lower right abdominal pain include:appendicitishernia (when an organ protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal muscles)kidney infectioncancerfluUpper right abdominal pain may result from:hepatitisinjurypneumoniaappendicitisWhen to call the doctor about abdominal painMild abdominal pain may go away without treatment. For example, if you’re experiencing abdominal pain because of gas or bloating, it may simply need to run its course. But in some cases, abdominal pain may warrant a trip to the doctor.Call 911 if your abdominal pain is severe and associated with trauma (from an accident or injury) or pressure or pain in your chest.You should seek immediate medical care if the pain is so severe that you can’t sit still or need to curl into a ball to get comfortable, or if you have any of the following:bloody stoolsfever greater than 101°F (38.33°C)vomiting up blood (called hematemesis)persistent nausea or vomitingyellowing of the skin or eyesswelling or severe tenderness of the abdomendifficulty breathingMake an appointment with your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:abdominal pain that lasts longer than 24 hoursprolonged constipationvomitinga burning sensation when you urinatefeverloss of appetiteunexplained weight lossCall your doctor if you’re pregnant or breastfeeding and you experience abdominal pain.If you don’t already have a gastroenterologist, the Healthline FindCare tool can help you find a physician in your area.Abdominal pain diagnosisThe cause of abdominal pain can be diagnosed through a series of tests as well as an honest conversation with your doctor about what you’re experiencing. Before ordering tests, your doctor will do a physical examination. This includes gently pressing on various areas of your abdomen to check for tenderness and swelling.Be prepared to answer the following questions:Where exactly are you feeling the pain?Has the pain always been in this one location, or has it moved?How severe is the pain?Is the pain constant, or does it come and go in waves?Is the pain so bad that it’s interfering with your daily life?What were you doing when the pain began?Is there a time of day when the pain is the worst?When was your last bowel movement?Do you have regular bowel movements?Have you noticed any changes in your urine?Have you made any major changes to your diet?People of reproductive age who were assigned female at birth may also be asked questions about their sexual and menstruation history.When used in consideration of the severity of the pain and its location within the abdomen, this information will help your doctor determine which tests to order.Imaging tests, like MRI scans, ultrasounds, and X-rays, are used to view organs, tissues, and other structures in the abdomen in detail. These tests can help diagnose tumors, fractures, ruptures, and inflammation.Other tests include:colonoscopy (to look inside the colon and intestines)endoscopy (to detect inflammation and abnormalities in the esophagus and stomach)upper GI (a special X-ray test that uses contrast dye to check for the presence of growths, ulcers, inflammation, blockages, and other abnormalities in the stomach)Blood, urine, and stool samples may also be collected to look for evidence of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections.Treatment and home remedies for abdominal painHow abdominal pain is treated is highly dependent on the diagnosis. Medications that reduce inflammation may help with stomach pains resulting from ulcers.But other conditions, like kidney stones, may require more intensive treatment like shock wave lithotripsy. Inflammation of the gall bladder might require gall bladder surgery.Your doctor might prescribe a pain-modifying drug, like amitriptyline or trazodone, to address the pain. These may help change the way the brain processes pain signals. If you and your doctor have determined that your abdominal pain is not the result of a serious medical condition, there are a number of home health remedies that may provide relief. Here’s a brief list:bitters and sodagingerchamomile teaBRAT diet (bananas, rice, apple sauce, toast)peppermintapple cider vinegarheating padwarm bathHow can I prevent abdominal pain?Not all forms of abdominal pain are preventable. But you can minimize the risk of developing abdominal pain by:eating a healthy dietdrinking lots of waterexercising regularlyeating smaller mealsIf you have an intestinal disorder, like Crohn’s disease, follow the diet your doctor has given you to minimize discomfort. If you have GERD, don’t eat within 2 hours of bedtime.Lying down too soon after eating may cause heartburn and abdominal pain. Try waiting at least 2 hours after eating before lying down.TakeawayIf you’re experiencing abdominal pain, it’s important that you don’t jump to conclusions because it’s often not serious. Speak with your doctor if the pain is chronic or progressive. If acute abdominal pain is severe, call your doctor so you can get to the bottom of what’s happening and begin the proper course of treatment.Read this article in Spanish. Last medically reviewed on December 6, 2021How we reviewed this article:SourcesHistoryHealthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.Abdominal pain syndrome. (n.d.).https://gi.org/topics/abdominal-pain/Gross DJ, et al. (2017). Progressive acute abdominal pain.https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/2657534Lickiss P. (2015). Abdominal pain assessment tips to reach a diagnosis.https://www.ems1.com/medical-clinical/articles/abdominal-pain-assessment-tips-to-reach-a-diagnosis-fZZbCKpfYgvGS384/Patterson JW, et al. (2021). Acute abdomen.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459328/Shah AA, et al. (2015). Analgesic access for acute abdominal pain in the emergency department among racial/ethnic minority patients: A nationwide examination.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26569642/Stomachache. (2017).https://www.mottchildren.org/posts/your-child/stomachacheSabo CM, et al. (2021). Chronic abdominal pain in general practice.https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/515433Treatment for kidney stones. (n.d.).https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/kidney-stones/treatmentOur experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.Current VersionDec 6, 2021Written ByApril KahnEdited ByStacey LastoeMedically Reviewed ByChris Young, DNP, RN, NE-BC, NPDCopy Edited ByConnor RiceJan 3, 2020Written ByApril KahnMedically Reviewed BySteve Kim, MDShare this articleMedically reviewed by Chris Young, DNP, RN, NE-BC, NPD — By April Kahn — Updated on December 6, 2021Read this nextInconsistent Sharp Abdominal Pain Causes and TreatmentMedically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.D., MPHIntermittent abdominal pain that comes on sharply shouldn’t be ignored. It may not be a medical emergency, but it may signal serious or…READ MOREWhat's Causing This Abdominal Pain and Burping?Medically reviewed by Judith Marcin, M.D.Abdominal pain is pain that originates between the chest and the pelvis. Burping, or belching, is the act of expelling gas from the stomach through…READ MOREWhat’s Causing My Abdominal Pain and Dizziness?Medically reviewed by Graham Rogers, M.D.Learn about what causes stomach pains and dizziness and how to treat or manage your symptoms.READ MOREWhat You Should Know About Abdominal TendernessMedically reviewed by Kevin Martinez, M.D.Abdomen point tenderness is pain that occurs when your abdomen is pressed in a specific area. We’ll explain causes, additional symptoms, and what to…READ MOREWhat’s Causing My Abdominal Bloating and Abdominal Pain?Medically reviewed by Stacy Sampson, D.O.What does abdominal bloating look like? Check out photos of abdominal bloating and read what may be causing your bloating and pain. Abdominal bloating…READ MOREOverview of Abdominal Compartment SyndromeAbdominal compartment syndrome is a dangerous medical condition. It usually affects critically ill people, especially those in an ICU.READ MOREAbout UsContact UsPrivacy PolicyPrivacy SettingsAdvertising PolicyHealth TopicsMedical AffairsContent IntegrityNewsletters? 2024 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. See additional information. See additional information.? 2024 Healthline Media LLC. All rights reserved. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. See additional information. See additional information.AboutCareersAdvertise with usOUR BRANDSHealthlineMedical News TodayGreatistPsych CentralBezzy

Abdominal pain - Wikipedia

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1Signs and symptoms

2Causes

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2.1Acute abdomen

2.2Surgical causes

2.2.1Inflammatory

2.2.2Mechanical

2.2.3Vascular

2.2.4Referred pain

2.3Medical causes

2.4Gynecological causes

2.5By system

2.6By location

3Mechanism

4Diagnosis

5Management

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5.1Emergencies

6Outlook

7Epidemiology

8Special populations

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8.1Geriatrics

8.2Pregnancy

9See also

10References

11Further reading

12External links

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Abdominal pain

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Stomach aches

"Stomach ache" redirects here. For the 2014 album by Frank Iero, see Stomachaches (album).

Medical conditionAbdominal painOther namesStomach ache, tummy ache, belly ache, belly pain, gastralgiaAbdominal pain can be characterized by the region it affects.SpecialtyGastroenterology, general surgeryCausesSerious: Appendicitis, perforated stomach ulcer, pancreatitis, ruptured diverticulitis, ovarian torsion, volvulus, ruptured aortic aneurysm, lacerated spleen or liver, ischemic colitis, ischaemic myocardial conditions[1]Common: Gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome[2]

Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, Is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues. Since the abdomen contains most of the body's vital organs, it can be an indicator of a wide variety of diseases. Given that, approaching the examination of a person and planning of a differential diagnosis is extremely important.[3]

Common causes of pain in the abdomen include gastroenteritis and irritable bowel syndrome.[2] About 15% of people have a more serious underlying condition such as appendicitis, leaking or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm, diverticulitis, or ectopic pregnancy.[2] In a third of cases, the exact cause is unclear.[2]

Signs and symptoms[edit]

The onset of abdominal pain can be abrupt, quick, or gradual. Sudden onset pain happens in a split second. Rapidly onset pain starts?mild and gets worse over?the next few minutes. Pain that gradually intensifies only after several hours or even days has passed is referred to as gradual onset pain.[4]

One can describe abdominal pain as either continuous or sporadic and as cramping, dull, or aching. The characteristic of cramping abdominal pain is that it comes in brief waves, builds to a peak, and then abruptly stops for a period during which there is no more pain. The pain flares up and off periodically. The most common cause of persistent dull or aching abdominal pain is edema or distention of the wall of a hollow viscus. A dull or aching pain may also be felt due to a stretch in the liver and spleen capsules.[4]

Causes[edit]

The most frequent reasons for abdominal pain are gastroenteritis (13%), irritable bowel syndrome (8%), urinary tract problems (5%), inflammation of the stomach (5%) and constipation (5%). In about 30% of cases, the cause is not determined. About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or biliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%), appendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%).[2] More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis,[5] mesenteric ischemia, and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes.[6]

Acute abdomen[edit]

Acute abdomen is a condition where there is a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain requiring immediate recognition and management of the underlying cause.[7] The underlying cause may involve infection, inflammation, vascular occlusion or bowel obstruction.[7]

The pain may elicit nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention, fever and signs of shock.[7] A common condition associated with acute abdominal pain is appendicitis.[8] Here is a list of acute abdomen causes:

Surgical causes[edit]

Source:[7]

Inflammatory[edit]

Infections such as appendicitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, pyelonephritis, Peritonitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, hepatitis, mesenteric adenitis, or a subdiaphragmatic abscess.

Perforation of a peptic ulcer, a diverticulum, or the caecum.

Complications of inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.

Mechanical[edit]

Small bowel obstruction secondary to adhesions caused by previous surgeries, intussusception, hernias, benign or malignant neoplasms.

Large bowel obstruction caused by colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, volvulus, fecal impaction, or hernia.

Vascular[edit]

occlusive intestinal ischemia, usually caused by thromboembolism of the superior Mesenteric artery.

Referred pain[edit]

Source:[9]

Viscero-visceral referral: happens when one organ with afferent nerves close to another organ is sensitized or inflamed (in this case any of the abdominal viscera)[10]

Viscero-somatic referral: any pain in the viscera that causes pain in the muscle, bone, and skin (of the abdomen in case of abdominal pain)

Somatic-visceral referral: pain in the skin, muscles, and bone that causes referred pain?in the?viscera (of?the abdomen?such as?the stomach,?kidneys, bladder,?etc) ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

Medical causes[edit]

Source:[7]

Acute pancreatitis.

Sickle cell anemia.

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Adrenal crisis.

Pyelonephritis.

Lead poisoning.

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF).

Gynecological causes[edit]

Source:[11]

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and abscess.

Ectopic pregnancy.

Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst.

Adnexal or ovarian torsion.

By system[edit]

A more extensive list includes the following:[citation needed]

Gastrointestinal

GI tract

Inflammatory: gastroenteritis, appendicitis, gastritis, esophagitis, diverticulitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis

Obstruction: hernia, intussusception, volvulus, post-surgical adhesions, tumors, severe constipation, hemorrhoids

Vascular: embolism, thrombosis, hemorrhage, sickle cell disease, abdominal angina, blood vessel compression (such as celiac artery compression syndrome), superior mesenteric artery syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Digestive: peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, food allergies, indigestion

Glands

Bile system

Inflammatory: cholecystitis, cholangitis

Obstruction: cholelithiasis

Liver

Inflammatory: hepatitis, liver abscess

Pancreatic

Inflammatory: pancreatitis

Renal and urological

Inflammation: pyelonephritis, bladder infection

Obstruction: kidney stones, urolithiasis, urinary retention

Vascular: left renal vein entrapment

Gynaecological or obstetric

Inflammatory: pelvic inflammatory disease

Mechanical: ovarian torsion

Endocrinological: menstruation, Mittelschmerz

Tumors: endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cyst, ovarian cancer

Pregnancy: ruptured ectopic pregnancy, threatened abortion

Abdominal wall

muscle strain or trauma

muscular infection

neurogenic pain: herpes zoster, radiculitis in Lyme disease, abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome (ACNES), tabes dorsalis

Referred pain

from the thorax: pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, ischemic heart disease, pericarditis

from the spine: radiculitis

from the genitals: testicular torsion

Metabolic disturbance

uremia, diabetic ketoacidosis, porphyria, C1-esterase inhibitor deficiency, adrenal insufficiency, lead poisoning, black widow spider bite, narcotic withdrawal

Blood vessels

aortic dissection, abdominal aortic aneurysm

Immune system

sarcoidosis

vasculitis

familial Mediterranean fever

Idiopathic

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (affecting up to 20% of the population, IBS is the most common cause of recurrent and intermittent abdominal pain)

By location[edit]

The location of abdominal pain can provide information about what may be causing the pain. The abdomen can be divided into four regions called quadrants. Locations and associated conditions include:[12][13]

Diffuse

Peritonitis

Vascular: mesenteric ischemia, ischemic colitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, sickle cell disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, polyarteritis nodosa

Small bowel obstruction

Irritable bowel syndrome

Metabolic disorders: ketoacidosis, porphyria, familial Mediterranean fever, adrenal crisis

Epigastric

Heart: myocardial infarction, pericarditis

Stomach: gastritis, stomach ulcer, stomach cancer

Pancreas: pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer

Intestinal: duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, appendicitis

Right upper quadrant

Liver: hepatomegaly, fatty liver, hepatitis, liver cancer, abscess

Gallbladder and biliary tract: inflammation, gallstones, worm infection, cholangitis

Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer

Other: pneumonia, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

Left upper quadrant

Splenomegaly

Colon: bowel obstruction, functional disorders, gas accumulation, spasm, inflammation, colon cancer

Peri-umbilical (the area around the umbilicus, aka the belly button)

Appendicitis

Pancreatitis

Inferior myocardial infarction

Peptic ulcer

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Vascular: aortic dissection, aortic rupture

Bowel: mesenteric ischemia, Celiac disease, inflammation, intestinal spasm, functional disorders, small bowel obstruction

Lower abdominal pain

Diarrhea

Colitis

Crohn's

Dysentery

Hernia

Right lower quadrant

Colon: intussusception, bowel obstruction, appendicitis (McBurney's point)

Renal: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), pyelonephritis

Pelvic: cystitis, bladder stone, bladder cancer, pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic pain syndrome

Gynecologic: endometriosis, intrauterine pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst, ovarian torsion, fibroid (leiomyoma), abscess, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer

Left lower quadrant

Bowel: diverticulitis, sigmoid colon volvulus, bowel obstruction, gas accumulation, Toxic megacolon

Right low back pain

Liver: hepatomegaly

Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection

Left low back pain

Spleen

Kidney: kidney stone (nephrolithiasis), complicated urinary tract infection

Low back pain

kidney pain (kidney stone, kidney cancer, hydronephrosis)

Ureteral stone pain

Mechanism[edit]

Region

Blood supply[14]

Innervation[15]

Structures[14]

Foregut

Celiac artery

T5 - T9

Pharynx

Esophagus

Lower respiratory tract

Stomach

Proximal duodenum

Liver

Biliary tract

Gallbladder

Pancreas

Midgut

Superior mesenteric artery

T10 - T12

Distal duodenum

Cecum

Appendix

Ascending colon

Proximal transverse colon

Hindgut

Inferior mesenteric artery

L1 - L3

Distal transverse colon

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Rectum

Fever

Superior anal canal

Abdominal pain can be referred to as visceral pain or peritoneal pain. The contents of the abdomen can be divided into the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.[14] The foregut contains the pharynx, lower respiratory tract, portions of the esophagus, stomach, portions of the duodenum (proximal), liver, biliary tract (including the gallbladder and bile ducts), and the pancreas.[14] The midgut contains portions of the duodenum (distal), cecum, appendix, ascending colon, and first half of the transverse colon.[14] The hindgut contains the distal half of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and superior anal canal.[14]

Each subsection of the gut has an associated visceral afferent nerve that transmits sensory information from the viscera to the spinal cord, traveling with the autonomic sympathetic nerves.[16] The visceral sensory information from the gut traveling to the spinal cord, termed the visceral afferent, is non-specific and overlaps with the somatic afferent nerves, which are very specific.[17] Therefore, visceral afferent information traveling to the spinal cord can present in the distribution of the somatic afferent nerve; this is why appendicitis initially presents with T10 periumbilical pain when it first begins and becomes T12 pain as the abdominal wall peritoneum (which is rich with somatic afferent nerves) is involved.[17]

Diagnosis[edit]

A thorough patient history and physical examination is used to better understand the underlying cause of abdominal pain.

The process of gathering a history may include:[18]

Identifying more information about the chief complaint by eliciting a history of present illness; i.e. a narrative of the current symptoms such as the onset, location, duration, character, aggravating or relieving factors, and temporal nature of the pain. Identifying other possible factors may aid in the diagnosis of the underlying cause of abdominal pain, such as recent travel, recent contact with other ill individuals, and for females, a thorough gynecologic history.

Learning about the patient's past medical history, focusing on any prior issues or surgical procedures.

Clarifying the patient's current medication regimen, including prescriptions, over-the-counter medications, and supplements.

Confirming the patient's drug and food allergies.

Discussing with the patient any family history of disease processes, focusing on conditions that might resemble the patient's current presentation.

Discussing with the patient any health-related behaviors (e.g. tobacco use, alcohol consumption, drug use, and sexual activity) that might make certain diagnoses more likely.

Reviewing the presence of non-abdominal symptoms (e.g., fever, chills, chest pain, shortness of breath, vaginal bleeding) that can further clarify the diagnostic picture.

Using Carnett's sign to differentiate between visceral pain and pain originating in the muscles of the abdominal wall.[19]

After gathering a thorough history, one should perform a physical exam in order to identify important physical signs that might clarify the diagnosis, including a cardiovascular exam, lung exam, thorough abdominal exam, and for females, a genitourinary exam.[18]

Additional investigations that can aid diagnosis include:[20]

Blood tests including complete blood count, basic metabolic panel, electrolytes, liver function tests, amylase, lipase, troponin I, and for females, a serum pregnancy test.

Urinalysis

Imaging including chest and abdominal X-rays

Electrocardiogram

If diagnosis remains unclear after history, examination, and basic investigations as above, then more advanced investigations may reveal a diagnosis. Such tests include:[20]

Computed tomography of the abdomen/pelvis

Abdominal or pelvic ultrasound

Endoscopy and/or colonoscopy

Management[edit]

The management of abdominal pain depends on many factors, including the etiology of the pain. Some dietary changes that some may participate in are: resting after a meal, chewing food completely and slowly, and avoiding stressful and high excitement situations after a meal. Some at home strategies like these can avoid future abdominal issues, resulting in the need of professional assistance.[21] In the emergency department, a person presenting with abdominal pain may initially require IV fluids due to decreased intake secondary to abdominal pain and possible emesis or vomiting.[22] Treatment for abdominal pain includes analgesia, such as non-opioid (ketorolac) and opioid medications (morphine, fentanyl).[22] Choice of analgesia is dependent on the cause of the pain, as ketorolac can worsen some intra-abdominal processes.[22] Patients presenting to the emergency department with abdominal pain may receive a "GI cocktail" that includes an antacid (examples include omeprazole, ranitidine, magnesium hydroxide, and calcium chloride) and lidocaine.[22] After addressing pain, there may be a role for antimicrobial treatment in some cases of abdominal pain.[22] Butylscopolamine (Buscopan) is used to treat cramping abdominal pain with some success.[23] Surgical management for causes of abdominal pain includes but is not limited to cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and exploratory laparotomy.[citation needed]

Emergencies[edit]

Below is a brief overview of abdominal pain emergencies.

Condition

Presentation

Diagnosis

Management

Appendicitis[24]

Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever

Periumbilical pain, migrates to RLQ

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Abdominal CT

Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)

IV fluids as needed

General surgery consultation, possible appendectomy

Antibiotics

Pain control

Cholecystitis[24]

Abdominal pain (RUQ, radiates epigastric), nausea, vomiting, fever, Murphy's sign

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging (RUQ ultrasound)

Labs (leukocytosis, transamintis, hyperbilirubinemia)

Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)

IV fluids as needed

General surgery consultation, possible cholecystectomy

Antibiotics

Pain, nausea control

Acute pancreatitis[24]

Abdominal pain (sharp epigastric, shooting to back), nausea, vomiting

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Labs (elevated lipase)

Imaging (abdominal CT, ultrasound)

Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)

IV fluids as needed

Pain, nausea control

Possibly consultation of general surgery or interventional radiology

Bowel obstruction[24]

Abdominal pain (diffuse, crampy), bilious emesis, constipation

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging (abdominal X-ray, abdominal CT)

Patient made NPO (nothing by mouth)

IV fluids as needed

Nasogastric tube placement

General surgery consultation

Pain control

Upper GI bleed[24]

Abdominal pain (epigastric), hematochezia, melena, hematemesis, hypovolemia

Clinical (history & physical exam, including digital rectal exam)

Labs (complete blood count, coagulation profile, transaminases, stool guaiac)

Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation

Blood transfusion as needed

Medications: proton pump inhibitor, octreotide

Stable patient: observation

Unstable patient: consultation (general surgery, gastroenterology, interventional radiology)

Lower GI bleed[24]

Abdominal pain, hematochezia, melena, hypovolemia

Clinical (history & physical exam, including digital rectal exam)

Labs (complete blood count, coagulation profile, transaminases, stool guaiac)

Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation

Blood transfusion as needed

Medications: proton pump inhibitor

Stable patient: observation

Unstable patient: consultation (general surgery, gastroenterology, interventional radiology)

Perforated Viscous[24]

Abdominal pain (sudden onset of localized pain), abdominal distension, rigid abdomen

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT showing free air)

Labs (complete blood count)

Aggressive IV fluid resuscitation

General surgery consultation

Antibiotics

Volvulus[24]

Sigmoid colon volvulus: Abdominal pain (>2 days, distention, constipation)

Cecal volvulus: Abdominal pain (acute onset), nausea, vomiting

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging (abdominal X-ray or CT)

Sigmoid: Gastroenterology consultation (flexibile sigmoidoscopy)

Cecal: General surgery consultation (right hemicolectomy)

Ectopic pregnancy[24]

Abdominal and pelvic pain, bleeding

If ruptured ectopic pregnancy, the patient may present with peritoneal irritation and hypovolemic shock

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Labs: complete blood count, urine pregnancy test followed with quantitative blood beta-hCG

Imaging: transvaginal ultrasound

If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent obstetrics and gynecology consultation

If patient is stable: continue diagnostic workup, establish OBGYN follow-up

Abdominal aortic aneurysm[24]

Abdominal pain, flank pain, back pain, hypotension, pulsatile abdominal mass

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging: Ultrasound, CT angiography, MRA/magnetic resonance angiography

If patient is unstable: IV fluid resuscitation, urgent surgical consultation

If patient is stable: admit for observation

Aortic dissection[24]

Abdominal pain (sudden onset of epigastric or back pain), hypertension, new aortic murmur

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging: Chest X-Ray (showing widened mediastinum), CT angiography, MRA, transthoracic echocardiogram/TTE, transesophageal echocardiogram/TEE

IV fluid resuscitation

Blood transfusion as needed (obtain type and cross)

Medications: reduce blood pressure (sodium nitroprusside plus beta blocker or calcium channel blocker)

Surgery consultation

Liver injury[24]

After trauma (blunt or penetrating), abdominal pain (RUQ), right rib pain, right flank pain, right shoulder pain

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging: FAST examination, CT of abdomen and pelvis

Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration and lavage

Resuscitation (Advanced Trauma Life Support) with IV fluids (crystalloid) and blood transfusion

If patient is unstable: general or trauma surgery consultation with subsequent exploratory laparotomy

Splenic injury[24]

After trauma (blunt or penetrating), abdominal pain (LUQ), left rib pain, left flank pain

Clinical (history & physical exam)

Imaging: FAST examination, CT of abdomen and pelvis

Diagnostic peritoneal aspiration and lavage

Resuscitation (Advanced Trauma Life Support) with IV fluids (crystalloid) and blood transfusion

If patient is unstable: general or trauma surgery consultation with subsequent exploratory laparotomy and possible splenectomy

If patient is stable: medical management, consultation of interventional radiology for possible arterial embolization

Outlook[edit]

One well-known aspect of primary health care is its low prevalence of potentially dangerous abdominal pain?causes. Patients with abdominal pain have a higher percentage of unexplained complaints (category "no diagnosis") than patients with other symptoms (such as dyspnea or chest pain).[25] Most people who suffer from stomach pain have a benign issue, like dyspepsia.[26] In general, it is discovered that 20% to 25% of patients with abdominal pain have a serious condition that necessitates admission to an acute care hospital.[27]

Epidemiology[edit]

Abdominal pain is the reason about 3% of adults see their family physician.[2] Rates of emergency department (ED) visits in the United States for abdominal pain increased 18% from 2006 through to 2011. This was the largest increase out of 20 common conditions seen in the ED. The rate of ED use for nausea and vomiting also increased 18%.[28]

Special populations[edit]

Geriatrics[edit]

More time and resources are used on older patients with abdominal pain than on any other patient presentation in the emergency department (ED).[29] Compared to younger patients with the same complaint, their length of stay is 20% longer, they need to be admitted almost half the time, and they need surgery 1/3 of the time.[30]

Age does not reduce the total number of T cells, but it does reduce their functionality. The elderly person's ability to fight infection is weakened as a result.[31] Additionally, they have changed the strength and integrity of their skin and mucous membranes, which are physical barriers to infection. It is well known that older patients experience altered pain perception.[32]

The challenge of obtaining a sufficient history from an elderly patient can be attributed to multiple factors. Reduced memory or hearing could make the issue worse. It is common to encounter stoicism combined with a fear of losing one's independence if a serious condition is discovered. Changes in mental status, whether acute or chronic, are common.[33]

Pregnancy[edit]

Unique clinical challenges arise when pregnant women experience abdominal pain. First off, there are many possible causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy. These include intraabdominal diseases that arise incidentally during pregnancy as well as obstetric or gynecologic disorders associated with pregnancy. Secondly, pregnancy modifies the natural history and clinical manifestation of numerous abdominal disorders. Third, pregnancy modifies and limits the diagnostic assessment. For instance, concerns about fetal safety during pregnancy are raised by invasive exams and radiologic testing. Fourth, while receiving therapy during pregnancy, the mother's and the fetus' interests need to be taken into account.[34]

Why Does My Stomach Hurt | Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Why Does My Stomach Hurt?

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Tummy troubles are a common cause for a visit to the doctor’s office. When patients complain of “stomach pain,” they are sometimes describing pain that is throughout the abdomen area and may not actually be directly related to the organ known as the stomach.

Doctors first try to determine if a patient’s abdominal pain is caused by a structural or functional problem.

Sometimes the digestive tract does not function properly due to an abnormality with the structure of an organ. Medical imaging will show that the organ does not look normal and is not working properly.

The gastrointestinal system has its own nervous system to control the muscle contractions that digest the food you eat. Functional problems, also called motility disorders, result from poor nerve and muscle function in the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal (GI) organs with motility problems will usually look normal on medical imaging tests, such as CT scans or MRI scans, but the organs do not work like they should. Because functional disorders are hard to see in imaging, they can be challenging to diagnose.

5 Reasons for Stomach Pain

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

IBS related abdominal pain may become worse after you eat a meal or if you are stressed. If you have IBS, you will have symptoms such as diarrhea or constipation and bloating, but they will not cause bleeding or weight loss.

Constipation

You may experience sharp gas pains that occur throughout the abdomen area if constipation is the reason for your abdominal pain. People who are constipated often have a feeling of being bloated and full, and their abdomen may even become visibly distended.

Ulcers

An ulcer is a sore on the lining of your stomach or first part of the small intestine. Ulcers may cause a burning sensation similar to hunger pangs. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting or heartburn.

Pancreatitis

Abdominal pain caused by pancreatitis, which is inflammation in the pancreas, is a severe and sharp pain occurring in the upper middle of the abdomen that can sometimes radiate to your back or chest. You may also experience other symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and fever. Pancreatitis may occur as either a sudden acute attack or a chronic condition.

Diverticulitis

Abdominal discomfort and tenderness in the lower left abdomen area may be caused by diverticulitis. This is when the small pouches inside the large intestine become infected or inflamed. Other symptoms may include a low-grade fever, nausea, vomiting or constipation.

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im錢包官方下載|stomachache

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Abdominal (Stomach) Pain: Causes and When to See a Doctor

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